14/09/2015
FIRST AID FOR COMMON UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES
FRACTURE
FIRST AID:
Check Vital signs
Do not move the injured part.
Stop bleeding, if there is any.
If you have to move the person, immobilize the broken part by sprinting.
DISLOCATION
FIRST AID:
Call for help immediately.
Splint affected part.
Do not move a dislocated part or force it back.
Apply ice on the injured part to reduce swelling.
SPRAIN
FIRST AID:
Rest the injured part.
Apply ice.
Compress the injured part.
Elevate the injured part.
HEAT EXHAUSTION
FIRST AID:
Transport a victim to cool a place.
Give him/her plenty of water.
Check for vital signs.
Seek medical help.
FOOD POISONING
FIRST AID:
Help the person to lie down and rest.
Give him plenty of flavourless fluid to drink ad a bowl to use if he vomits.
Call for medical help if the condition worsens.
CHOKING
FIRST AID:
Encourage him to cough.
When the person cannot speak or stops coughing . Give him five back blows. Stand behind him and help him lean forward. Support his chest with one hand and give five sharp blow between the shoulder blades with heel of your hand.
If back blows fail, try abdominal thrusts. Stand behind the person and put your arm around the upper part of his abdomen. Clench your fist with thumbs inward. Place it between navel and the bottom of breastbone . Grasp your fist with your hand. Pull sharply inwards and upwards up to five times.
Check his mouth, if obstruction is not cleared repeat the back blows and abdominal thrust.
If obstruction still has not cleared, call for an ambulance continue until help arrives.
DROWNING
FIRST AID:
Lay the person down on his back.
Check breathing and open the airway.
Give rescue breaths and chest compression if necessary.
If the person is breathing, place him in the recovery position.
Treat the hypothermia by removing wet clothing and covering him with a dry blanket.
CHEMICAL BURN
FIRST AID:
Make sure that contact with electrical source is broken.
Flood the sites of injury at the entry and exit points of the current with plenty of cold water.
Wear disposable gloves and place a sterile dressing or bandage over the burn to protectit from airborne infection.
Call for medical help.
Reassure the victim and treat for shock.
BURNS
FIRST AID:
For minor burns flood the injured area with cold water for at least how long to stop burning and relieve pain.
Put on gloves and cover the area with sterile non-adhesive dressing or bandage.
For severe burns, help the person to lie down and prevent the burnt area from coming into contact with the ground. Douse the burn with plenty of cold liquid.
Seek medical assistance. Do not delay medical help.
Wear disposable gloves and gently remove any rings, watches, belts, shoes pr smouldering, clothing before the tissues begin to swell.
Carefully remove any burnt clothing, unless it is sticking to the skin. Cover the burnt area with non-adhesive dressing or bandage
Continue to monitor vital signs.
Reassure casualty and treat for shock.
HEAT STROKE
FIRST AID:
Move the person immediately to a cool place.
Remove as much of his outer clothing as possible.
Call for medical help.
Wrap the person in a cold, wet sheet and keep the sheet wet until his temperature drops to 38* C under the tongue or armpit respctively.
If the person has returned t normal temperature replaced wet sheet with a dry one.
Monitor vital signs until help arrives.
If temperature rises, repeat the cooling process.
STROKE
If the person is conscious, help him to lie down with his head and shoulders slightly raised and supported.
Incline his head to the affected side and place a towel on his shoulder to absorb dribbling.
Call for help.
Loosen any tight clothing.
Monitor vital signs and reassures the victim.
If the victim is unconscious, give rescue breathing and chest compression.
Call for an ambulance or call for help.
HEART ATTACK
FIRST AID:
Help the person sit or lie down with head elevated.
Call for medical help.
If the person is conscious give him a full dose aspirin and advise him to chew it slowly.
Constantly monitor the vital signs. Be prepared to give rescue breaths and chest compression.
