21/01/2026
The Qurʾān and Knowledge of God in West Africa:
The Sufi Tafsīr of Shaykh Ibrāhīm Niasse
Abstract
Qurʾān exegesis (tafsīr) in African Muslim societies represented the pinnacle of scholarly achievement, and public explanation of the Qurʾān was the event that marked the emergence of one of Africa’s most successful Sufi revivals, the “Community of the Flood” of the Senegalese Shaykh Ibrāhīm Niasse (d. 1975).
Niasse’s network of knowledge transmission, foregrounding the direct experiential knowledge of God (maʿrifa bi-Llāh), continued to emphasize Qurʾān learning, but Niasse’s own recorded Arabic tafsīr demonstrated a shift away from traditional West African sources in this field.
Prior understandings of the West African tafsīr discipline locate the fifteenthcentury Egyptian Tafsīr al-Jalālayn as the primary influence on West African understandings.
But Niasse’s tafsīr exhibits a clear preference for an early eighteenthcentury Ottoman multivolume work, Ismāʿīl Ḥaqqī’s “Spirit of Explanation” (Rūhal-bayān), one of the most comprehensive summaries of Sufi understandings of the Qurʾān. This paper not only demonstrates the globally-connecte nature of Islamic knowledge production in West Africa but also argues that Niasse’s emphasis on gnosis built on the Rūḥ al-bayān to ultimately occasion a noteworthy addition to the existing literary corpus of Qurʾān exegesis.
Keywords
Qurʾān – exegesis – tafsīr – Sufism – gnosis – maʿrifa – Niasse – Ibrāhīm – Tijāniyya
– West Africa If the direct, experiential knowledge of God (maʿrifa) was the most salient theme in the West African Sufi network of the Senegalese Shaykh Ibrāhīm
Niasse (d. 1975),1 the exegesis of the Qurʾān was the foundational act of his
community.
An older brother came to hear Niasse first publicly e